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java.lang.Object
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+--javax.media.jai.OperationDescriptorImpl
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+--javax.media.jai.operator.DilateDescriptor
An OperationDescriptor describing the "Dilate" operation.
Dilation for gray scale images can be charaterized by "slide, add and max",
while for binary images by "slide and set". As always, the kernel
is expected to come with a key position.
Dilation, unlike convolution and most neighborhood operations, actually can grow the image region. But to conform with other image neighborhood operations, the border pixels are set to 0. For a 3 x 3 kernel with the key point at the center, there will be a pixel wide 0 stripe around the border.
When applied to multi-band images the dilation operator processes each band independently using the methodology which would be applied to single band images of the same data type.
Gray scale dilation is a spatial operation that computes each output sample by adding elements of a kernel to the samples surrounding a particular source sample and taking the maximum. A mathematical expression is:
For a kernel K with a key position (xKey,yKey), the dilation of image I at (x,y) is given by:
max{ I(x-i, y-j) + K(xKey+i, yKey+j): some (i,j) restriction }
where the (i,j) restriction means:
all possible (i,j) so that both I(x-i,y-j) and K(xKey+i, yKey+j)
are defined, that is, these indices are in bounds.
Intuitively in 2D, the kernel is like an umbrella and the key point is the handle. When the handle moves all over the image surface, the upper outbounds of all the umbrella positions is the dilation. Thus if you want the image to dilate in the upper right direction, the following kernel would do with the bold face key position.
| 0 | 0 | 50 |
| 0 | 50 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
Note also that zero kernel have effects on the dilation! That is because of the "max" in the add and max process. Thus a 3 x 1 zero kernel with the key position at the bottom of the kernel dilates the image upwards.
After the kernel is rotated 180 degrees, Pseudo code for dilation operation is as follows. Of course, you should provide the kernel in its (unrotated) original form. Assuming the kernel K is of size M rows x N cols and the key position is (xKey, yKey).
// gray-scale dilation:
for every dst pixel location (x,y){
dst[x][y] = -infinity;
for (i = -xKey; i < M - xKey; i++){
for (j = -yKey; j < N - yKey; j++){
if((x+i, y+j) are in bounds of src &&
(xKey+i, yKey+j) are in bounds of K){
tmp = src[x + i][y + j]+ K[xKey + i][yKey + j];
dst[x][y] = max{tmp, dst[x][y]};
}
}
}
}
The kernel cannot be bigger in any dimension than the image data.
Binary Image Dilation requires the kernel K to be binary, that is, have values 0 or 1 for all kernel entries. Intuitively, starting from dst image being a duplicate of src, binary dilation slides the kernel K to place the key position at every non-zero point (x,y) in src image and set dst positions under ones of K to 1.
After the kernel is rotated 180 degrees, the pseudo code for dilation operation is as follows. (Of course, you should provide the kernel in its original unrotated form.)
// binary dilation
for every dst pixel location (x,y){
dst[x][y] = src[x][y];
for (i = -xKey; i < M - xKey; i++){
for (j = -yKey; j < N - yKey; j++){
if(src[x+i,y+i]==1 && Key(xKey+i, yKey+j)==1){
dst[x][y] = 1; break;
}
}
}
}
It should be noted that this operation automatically adds a
value of Boolean.TRUE for the
JAI.KEY_REPLACE_INDEX_COLOR_MODEL to the given
configuration so that the operation is performed
on the pixel values instead of being performed on the indices into
the color map if the source(s) have an IndexColorModel.
This addition will take place only if a value for the
JAI.KEY_REPLACE_INDEX_COLOR_MODEL has not already been
provided by the user. Note that the configuration Map
is cloned before the new hint is added to it. The operation can be
smart about the value of the JAI.KEY_REPLACE_INDEX_COLOR_MODEL
RenderingHints, i.e. while the default value for the
JAI.KEY_REPLACE_INDEX_COLOR_MODEL is
Boolean.TRUE, in some cases the operator could set the
default.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
| GlobalName | Dilate |
| LocalName | Dilate |
| Vendor | com.sun.media.jai |
| Description | Performs kernel based Dilate on an image. |
| DocURL | http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jai/forD evelopers/jai-apidocs/javax/media/jai/operator/DilateDescriptor.html |
| Version | 1.1 |
| arg0Desc | The dilate kernel. |
| Name | Class Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|
| kernel | javax.media.jai.KernelJAI | NO_PARAMETER_DEFAULT |
Reference: An Introduction to Nonlinear Image Processing, by Edward R. Bougherty and Jaakko Astola, Spie Optical Engineering Press, 1994.
OperationDescriptor,
KernelJAI,
ErodeDescriptor, Serialized Form| Fields inherited from class javax.media.jai.OperationDescriptorImpl |
resources, sourceNames, supportedModes |
| Fields inherited from interface javax.media.jai.OperationDescriptor |
NO_PARAMETER_DEFAULT |
| Constructor Summary | |
DilateDescriptor()
Constructor. |
|
| Method Summary | |
static RenderedOp |
create(RenderedImage source0,
KernelJAI kernel,
RenderingHints hints)
Performs binary kernel based Dilate operation on the image. |
PropertyGenerator[] |
getPropertyGenerators()
Returns an array of PropertyGenerators implementing
property inheritance for the "Dilate" operation. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
public DilateDescriptor()
| Method Detail |
public PropertyGenerator[] getPropertyGenerators()
PropertyGenerators implementing
property inheritance for the "Dilate" operation.getPropertyGenerators in class OperationDescriptorImpl
public static RenderedOp create(RenderedImage source0,
KernelJAI kernel,
RenderingHints hints)
Creates a ParameterBlockJAI from all
supplied arguments except hints and invokes
JAI.create(String,ParameterBlock,RenderingHints).
source0 - RenderedImage source 0.kernel - The binary convolution kernel.hints - The RenderingHints to use.
May be null.RenderedOp destination.IllegalArgumentException - if source0 is null.IllegalArgumentException - if kernel is null.JAI,
ParameterBlockJAI,
RenderedOp
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